Need awareness, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase behaviour such as sharing, commenting, complaining and returning.
为什么重要
Section 3.1.1 states that post-purchase behaviour decides whether a consumer is loyal. Watching only the order turns a repeatable relationship into a one-off sale.
与相近概念的区别
The stages describe buyer psychology; a sales funnel describes seller actions and aggregate drop-off. They can be mapped onto each other, but they are not the same object.
Four reasons to buy online
是什么
Price, convenience and availability, more categories to compare, and lower overall cost.
为什么重要
These reasons explain why cross-border shopping attracts buyers, and why a low price alone may not close the sale. Overall cost includes time, freight, risk and the effort of returns.
与相近概念的区别
The tag price is not the overall cost. A cheap item with a difficult return can cost more in time and risk than a slightly dearer local item.
Trust and its evidence
是什么
A buyer's judgement that the seller will deliver what was promised and fix problems. Observable evidence includes reviews and buyer photos, clear return and refund policies, payment protection or platform guarantees, and consistent brand or platform backing.
为什么重要
Cross-border buyers cannot inspect goods and may not know the seller. Distance and information asymmetry raise perceived risk, so evidence has to replace the physical shop.
与相近概念的区别
Trust is not liking the brand. It is a judgement about predictability. A seller promise is weaker than a platform guarantee because the buyer has a dispute route that does not depend on the seller's goodwill.
Local adaptation (six dimensions)
是什么
Adjusting language, sizing, payment, delivery, returns and festival timing to the target market. It is mostly customisation: changing the product and service, not only the advertisement.
为什么重要
Section 3.1.2.2 defines customisation as changing the product and service according to user preferences. Translating a page while keeping European sizes and a foreign return address leaves the costly details unchanged.
与相近概念的区别
Personalised recommendation changes what is shown or in which order; customisation changes the product and service. Local adaptation is customisation, not translation. A local festival banner without local sizing is still surface adaptation.